Photographic type-composing machine.



A. E. BAWTREE.

PHOTOGRAPHIG TYF'E COMPOSING MACHINE.

APPLICATIUN HLED DEC. 27. 1915. 1,283,394. Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEEY 1.

A. E BAWTREE.

PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.27. I915. 1,283,394. Patented. 0ct.29,1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2- A. E. BAWTREE.

PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING MACHINE.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.27.1915- JZE B awtree fiwmei'az A. E. BAWTREE.

PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPE COMPOSING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 27, 1915.

4 sHEETs-sHEEr 4.

' each character in a special manner.

mren STATES ierrrnn orrroa.

ALFRED EDWIN BAWTBEE, OF SUT'TLQN, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-FIFTH TO SYDNEY PAGE, 0F LONDUN, ENGLAND.

PHQTOGRAPHIC TYPE-CUMPQSING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented (Pet. 29, 19918.

Application nee December 27, 1915. Serial no. tee is.

of light upon a photographic surface, such improvement simplifying the mechanism but at the same time increasing the scope of usefulness of the machine.

Other objects of the invention will appear more fully hereafter.

The invention consists in the construction, combination, location, and arrangement, all as will be more fully hereinafter set forth, as shown in the accompanying drawings, and finally pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, and to the various views and reference signs appearing thereon, Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine with parts of the mechanism removed in order to show other portions, Fig. 2 is -a side elevation of the whole machine similarly treated, Fig. 3 is a section of the sensitive material roll holder, Fig. 3 -is a side view of the sensitive material holder, Fig. 4' is a plan of the whole machine, Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the peculiar arrangement of the characters upon the negative disk, Fig. 6 similarly shows in diagrammatic form the automatic focusing mechanism, Fig. 6 shows as an ad I dition to Fig. 6 the proportionate lever connection for obtaining uniform illumination, and Fig. 7, shows the pneumatic switch to an enlarged scale.

The same part is designated by the same reference sign wherever it occurs throughout the several views.

The negative containing the characters is of the well known disk form, but I arra ge ne side of the character touches a radius of the circle, while the base line of each member of a set of characters is a tangent to a common circle. The value of this special arrangement lie'sin the fact that by so adj usting the optical parts of the machine that these two boundary lines of each character fall into the two planes which intersect along the axis of the lens, the characters will always aline and space perfectly, no matter how the scale of enlargement or reduction may be varied, even if such variation occurs in the middle of a word. As in previous inventions of this nature there may be one or more rings of characters upon each negative disk.

The machine is of that type in which a lens is employed to project the image of the character upon the sensitive surface, as distinguished from the form in which the impression is received by contact of the one with the other. The machine thus consists of the three parts a) The negative disk and its attachments.

b) The lens and its attachments.

(c) The sensitive surface and its attachments.

These three are all geared together in such a manner that, by operatingasingle pointer,

lever or other convenient attachment, the.

scale of enlargement or reduction of the image, thrown by the lens upon the sensitive surface, can be altered at will and,-at whatever point the mechanism is set, the image projected by the lens will always be in focus upon the sensitive surface.

In operating the machine the following adjustments are necessary (d) Setting the scale of enlargement or reduction.

(0) Bringing the desired ring of characters into position, when there is more than one ring upon a negative disk.

(f) Bringing the correct character upon a ring into position.

(9) Bringing into position to receive the image the portion of sensitive'film, whose size is determined by the features of the spacing cam.

(h) Making the photographic exposure parts wherebyrthe results mentibned are se cured, and which'will now be described.

more infldetail. 1

Referring to the drawings A is the negative disk holder, consisting of a plate with openings in it, A through which the chararound this disk, readable by means'of the pointer A indicating, roughly which char-.

acter upon. the negative disk is opposite the lens. v f

C is the negative disk, fitted behind the disk holder A. I

D is a pointer which can enter any one of.

V the holes in B, thus anchoring any desired character accurately in position.

E is the spindle upon which A is mounted. It passes through a block F, capable of ad- 'justment in vertical slides I by means of the levers G G These levers are operated by means of a pedal 0, connected to them by the chainG and the upper or lower positions of the block F bring into the field of the lens the outer or inner ring of characters upon the negative disk C respectively and, with each ring of characters, the ring of holes in A corresponding to it is brought opposite the point of D.

H is the spacing cam fitted upon the other end of the spindle E. The pins H H H 620., upon its face are cut short of a zero length to an extent just equal to the width of a character to which it corresponds. Thus ifthe zero length is 15 .mm. and the width of a particular character is 6 mm, the pin relating to that character will have '6 mm. cut off it. and in consequence will stand out 9 mm. from the face of the spacing cam H. Similarly for a'character 12 mm. wide, the pin will only stand out 3 mm. J is a disk, graduated upon its upper face with the scale of enlargement or reduction to which it is desired to set the machine. It

can be locked in any position by means of the point J which passes through suitably placed holes near its circumference. On the under side of J, a pin J operates the connecting rod J which at its other end slides the sensitive material roll holder carriage R along the center'rail of the machine M.

A cam J also attached to the under side of J winds up or pays out a ribbOn J which regulates the motion of the lens standard L. This ribbon is kept taut by any suitable mechanism, such as a spring w connecting the roll holder carriage R with the lens standard L By reason of the pin J 5 having to pass the dead center iii-order to reach a similar position on the other side of the center line, it will be seen that a reciprocating motion is imparted to the roll holder 1,283,394 g W a carriage R, while for the Same travel a continuous motion only of the lens standard L is involved. Such different motions are required by the optical properties of the lens.

Some means such as a proportionate lever connection of the source of light W to the lens W is used to obtain uniformity of illumination; conveniently this may be done by means of the lever system shown in Fig, 6. The electric circuit from the wires 9 and 72,- passes through a source of current and then through the lampW i The light from this lamp shines through the condenser lens .W The lamp W is mounted on a block W which is capable of movement parallel to that of the block Upon-M iand W are pins which engage 'trical circuit of the lamp.

K is a frame containing two spools between which. a spool of flexible film, bearing a series of negatives of suitable tints, can be wound by meansof the milled headsK It is mounted upon the graduated tube K which can be rotated and clamped in the slit ring K Thus any tint along the film can be brought opposite the lens and each tintcan be set at an angle.

L is the lens standard, which'slides along the central rail M by means of the sleeve M the side rail N serving as a guide to prevent the rotation of the sleeve. A bracket on the lens standard supports the pin L whose axis is in the same plane at-right angles to the axis of the lens as the nodal point of the lens L This pin forms the fulcrum. of the letter spacing lever L It should be, explained that it is important to use a lens in which the two usual nodal points coin ci'de, or so nearly coincide that they may be counted as one point. It, is through this point, between them if there are two, and equidistant from each, that the plane is taken in which lies the axisof the fulcrum 1n. i P "The handle P is suitably connected'to the coarse threaded screw P in such a manner that rotating the handle P moves the wedge P backward or forward. This wedge presses against the sliding rod P against the other end of which presses the surface of the lever L The lever P pivoted about the fixed fulcrum P swings in or out following the reciprocating motion of the threaded cylinin the slotted ends of the levers W and W assassider P formed integrally with the double walled space P which embraces the end of control lever P The other end of the lever P is limited in its motion by the end of the pin on the spacing cam with which it comes in contact, this pin being the one in position for the particular character about to be photographed. The lengths of lever and angle of wedge are so arranged that the point upon the lever L which is in contact with the rod P has a transverse motion equal to a constant amount plus the width of the character upon the negative disk, as represented by the lack of length of its particular spacing cam pin. The parts are also so placed that the point at which P engages L is in the plane of the negative disk C. Operated by the sliding rod P is a suitable pneumatic electric switch P, which, however great or small may be the motion of P beyond a zero amount, always connects the current for a fixed time.

This movement is obtained as follows :The I movement of the rod P imparts motion to the lever L thereby pushing back the head I) of the spring rod a. The head 6 terminates below in the fork c, in which is pivoted the end of the piston rod d. The piston head is provided with the leather cup j as in an ordinary cycle pump, whereby it is only air-tight when moving to-the left,

The zero motion imparted to P sutlices to carry the cup j clear of the circle of holes is. These holes prevent any air compression from taking place on the return of the piston to the left until it has reached them. By that time all the motion due to the spacing cam pin will have been used up, the remaining motion to the left being due to the Zero motion referred to hereinafter.

When j reaches the lower edge of the fork 0 reaches the metal plate 7", which is mounted on the insulating bracket e and connected to the wire g. The other wire it is connected to the general metal work of the machine and therefore to 0. The electric circuit is'therefore closed for as long as the fork c is scraping over the plate which may be'any amount up to the remain ing travel of 3' after reaching is. l

The casing of P terminates in the screw cap Z, which holds the thin metal diaphragm m in position. Tn the center of this diaphragm is a small hole which is adjusted to cause the compressed air to escape from the interior of l?" at the desired rate. The length of photographic exposure is ther fore controllable by adjusting thesize of this hole, or by the length of f. The zero motion is the minimum motion, represented by that obtained when .a pin of the spacing cam is of full length, that is equivalent to a space before the letter on the negative disk allowed for at all; Thus, whatever the width of a letter be, the electrical exposure is alwaystlie same, The electric current is connected with the electric lamp W whose light shines through the openings A in the disk A and thence through the character in the negative disk which is to be exposed. The parts are so arranged that turning the handle P, as far as it will go one way, operates .the lever L and sets the pneumatic switch,

while the return of the handle P to its original position releases the pneumatic switch, so making the photographic exposure.

The sensitive material roll holder Q slides transversely across the machine on the rails R, R of the carriage B. This carriage runs on the rail M by means of the sleeve R and is guided by the side rails N and U. Passing through the base of the roll holder are the ratchet rods Q Q Q is fixed at its ends to the ends of the carriage R. Q terminates in the vise Q the opening of Whose jaws is adjustable by the micrometer screw Q3 This vise spans the portion of the lever L which is in the plane of the sensitive material Q, in the roll holder Q. Thus the exact amount of the motion of the lever at this point will be the motion imparted to the sensitive material. Therefore, on account of the fact that the fulcrum of this lever L is in the plane at right angles to the axis of the lens and containing the nodal point of the lens, it follows that the motion imparted to the sensitive material will be the exact multiple of the lack of length of the spacing cam pin, plus the constant amount of motion already referred to, so that the size of the image on the sensitive material is of the size of the character upon the negative disk. The object of the micrometer screw and scale Q is to permit more or less motion of the roll holder Q in addition to that due to the dimensions of the spacing cam pins. It has been noted that P imparts to the point of L with which it is in contact a degree of motion equal to the lack of length of the spacing cam pin, plus a constant ainountt /Vith the (screw Q fully out, this constant amount will be taken up, even when the machine is set to its fullest BXLEIIT] of enlargement, while, when the screw of Q is screwed right home, the whole of the motion of the rod P is imarted to the roil holder Q, augmented or diminished according to the position of the have u By means of this arrangement of possible to determine any desired can of space etween the characters to be upon the sensitive surface in ad to the Zero amount provided for by the spacing cam pins. The amount of space etween characters, as set by the vise Q and the micrometer Q is absolute, that is to say it does not vary according to diiierences enlargement or reduction. Tt may be made, however, to vary in any desired manner hy'varying the width of the lever L which shall be augmented or reby limiting the backward motion of any duced in conformity with the scale of enlargement or.reduction canbe providedfor the traversing parts between the handle it and the sliding rod P say, for example the threaded. cylinder P The ratchet rods Q Q? pass between a new line.

A suitable electric or other alarm Q, can be fitted to the roll holder Q or its attachments. In Fig. 4 it is shown mounted upon the ratchet rod Q By means of .this device warning can be given when the roll holder Q has arrived at or near the end of its travel.-

The sensitivevmaterial is wound forward to receive a new line of characters by turn- 1 ing the divided head S, which operates the milled rollers S S The shield T on the lever T covers this divided head-S and prevents it from being read until the lever T is pulled back as shown in Fig. 2. Pulling back this lever pushes forward the ratchet rod pawl holder V by reason of the lever T connected to such holder turning about the pivot Z. Releasing the lever T causes y it to come forwardunder the pull of the spring T ,-thereby throwing the pawls V V into action and simultaneously preventing the disk S from being further read. The forward motion of this leverT also drives the punches T in the dies T through the sensitive material Q, and at the same time brings the automatic numbering wheel T into contact with the back of the sensitive material Q.

The numbering device is merely the ordinary type numbering stamp in common use adapted to work with its plunger connected 7, to the punch T or with its plunger operated by means of a separate lever on the operating the machine is as follows. Hav-- I holdenwith material. and attached the required negative disk '6 to the holder A, ad-

spindle Z; as it is well known it is not illus trated, other than diagrammatically as regards its number wheel T in order not to confuse the drawings. As'will be seen from Fig. 3 of the draw-- ings the dies T and the punches T are in duplicate, one operating com. osedline.

T e course of the procedure thereforein ing charged the sensitive material rollv just the divided diskJlto the scale of enlargementor reduction required. Turn the disk A till the required --character is oppoat each end of the site the pointer A while holding back the spring point D. Release this point D when f the character will beaccurately locked in position. Turn the handle P as far as it will go'and release it. When it has returned to its original position, the exposure is completed and the'cycle of operations can be repeated till the alarm Q indicates that a' line is completed. Pull back the lever T by pinching together the pin T on the lever and the pin T on' the side of'the roll holder, as shown in Fig. 2. While doing so, first pull theroll holder Q; forward as far as it will come and then 'turn the disk S the amount needed to bring a fresh line of sensitive material into position.

The whole machine being an instrument of precision, provision is made whereby bolting it down to a bench does notdistort it. To this end the whole machine rests upon the three spherical feet U, Fig. 1. Two as shown in this figure are under the front of the machine and the third is at the back. The bolts U pass through sleeves U which are too long and therefore do not permit the machine to be clamped-down tightly. Moreover the holes U are larger than the sleeves 1 U As a result the machine is anchored but at each point has a small amount of movement in everydire'ction.

Tt must 'be clearly understood that the above describes a representative form of the invention and that modifications will be necessary if other sensitive film carriers than rolls are employed.

.V/hile, therefore, if have shown; and described various specific constructions and arran gements as operative embodiments ofthe principles of my invention T do not'desire to be limited or restricted thereto; but,

Having now set forth the object and nature of my invention and forms ofapparatus' embodying the same and having ex.- .plained its construction, function, and mode of operation, what Tclaim as new and useful and of my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. Tn a photographic type-composing machine, the combination with, a negative disk, a camera, anda movable sensitive material holder, of a spacing cam, pins thereon of a length dependent upon the width of a corresponding character on the negative disk,

and means connecting the said pins with the sensitive material holder whereby the latter is moved a distance varying as the length of a particular pin when the machine is operated to photograph'that particular .charac- ,ter, substantially as described. f

2. In a photographic type-composing ma: chine, the combination with a negative disk, a movable lens carrier, and a movable sensitive material holder, of a spacing cam, pins thereon of a length dependent upon the width of a corresponding character on .the

Mia

negative disk, means connecting the said pins with the sensitive material holder, and a crank and cam mechanism for connecting together the negative disk, the lens carrier and the sensitive material holder whereby a single movement of the crank will vary the scale of enlargement or reduction effected by the optical system to any desired degree while preserving the correct focusing of the optical system, .and the correct spacing :tor the enlarged or reduced characters.

3. In a photographic type-composing ma-' chine, the combination with a negative disk,

a movable lens carrier, and a movable sensitive material holder,'of a spacing cam, pins thereon of a length dependent upon' the width of a-corresponding character on the negative disk, means connecting the said pins with the sensitive material holder, a

crank and cam mechanism for connecting together the negative disk, the lens carrier and the sensitive material holder, and means whereby the movement of the crank for varying the size of the character simultaneously adjusts the illuminating system-to give correct results as regards both uniformity and intensity of illumination, with a constant duration of exposure.

4. In a photographic type-composing machine of the class described the combination of a negative disk, a fixed support for same,

a disk and cam pivoted thereon, a sensitive material holder, a'carriage therefor, a lens carrier, a connecting rod from the disk to the said carriage, and 'a'springcontrolled flexible connecting element from the said cam to the lens carrier, substantially as and for the purpose set forth,

5. In a photographic type-composing machine, the combination with a negative disk, a camera, and a movable sensitive material holder, of a spacing cam, pins thereon of a length dependent upon the width of a cor responding character on the negative disk,"

a longitudinal spacing lever, a pivot tulcrum therefor whose axis is in the same plane at right angles to the axis o1 the lens as the nodal point of the camera lens, a transverse rod and pawl connecting one end of the spacing lever with the sensitive film s as to operate in the plane of the said film, a wedge and rod connection to the longitudi-' nal lever on the other side of its fulcrum with the rod sliding transversely in the plane of the negative disk, means for reciprocating the said wedge, and a lever operating between the pins of the spacing cam and the reciprocating wedge to control the amount of movement of the latter.

- 6. In a photographic type-composing machine of the class described, and in combi nation, a rotary handle and a spindle, a fixed frame supporting same, double walls on the spindle "forming a space intermediate of its length, a threaded cylinder at one end thereof, a sliding wedge connected thereto, means for preventing rotation of the wedge, pins on the fixed frame engaging the threads of the cylinder, and a controlling lever working between the double walled space and the pins of the spacing cam.

7. In a photographic type-composing machine, the combination with a negatlve disk, a movable lens carrier, and a movable sensitive material holder, of a spacing cam, pins thereon of a length dependent upon the width of a corresponding character on the negative disk, a fixed support for the negative disk, a disk and cam pivoted thereon, a connecting rod from the disk to the carriage of the sensitive material holder, a spring controlled flexible connecting element from the cam to the lens carrier, a' longitudinal spacing lever, a bracket on the lens carrier extending transversely of the machine and having a fulcrum for the spacing lever at its outer end, a transverse rod and pawl connected to the sensitive material holder and having a vise engaging one end of the spacing lever, a wedge and sliding rod c0nnection to the other end of the spacing lever, means for reciprocating the wedge, and a lever controlling said means by engaging the pins of the spacing cam, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. In a-photographic type-composing machine of the class described, and in combination, a spacing lever, a vise, a scale and a micrometer screw threaded in one jaw of the said vise so as to engage one end of the said lever, a sensitive material holder, and a rod connecting the sensitive material holder with the vise so as to form the opposite jaw of the vise, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In a' photographic type-composing machine, a negative disk having its characters arranged with their base lines tangential to one or more common circles and one side of each character touching a radius of the circle to which it belongs.

10. In a photographic type.- composing machine, the combination wtih a negative disk, a camera, and a movable sensitive material holder, of a spacing cam, pins thereon of a length dependent upon the width of a corresponding character ;on the negative disk, means connecting the said pins with the sensitive material holder whereby the latter is moved a distance varying as the pins thereon of a length dependent upon the width of. a corresponding character on the negative disk, a crank and cam -mechanism connecting together the'negative disk, the lens carrier, and the sensltive material holder, means connecting the pins of the spacing cam with the sensitive material spacing movement may vary in extent.

p 12. In a photographic type composing' machine, the combination with a negative d1sk, .a camera, and a movable sens1t1ve material holder, of a spacing cam, pins thereon of 'a length dependent upon the width of a corresponding character on the negative disk, means connecting the said.

pins with the sensitive material holder whereby the latter is moved transversely,

manual means provided with a divided head moving the sensitive material within its holder at right angles to its transverse movement, a spring controlled lever, a shield thereon partially covering the: divided head,

and means operated by the movement of the said lever for perforating each composed l1ne on the sensitive material to assist in s'ubsequently 'cuttingthe 'said lines accu rately apart. f v

13. In a phdtographic type-composing its transverse movement, a spring-controlled lever, a shield thereon partially covering the divided head, and means operated by the movement of'the said lever for releasing'the automatic transverse movement connection whereby the return transverse movement may take place.

15.1n a photographic type-composing.

machine, the combination with a negative disk, a movable lens earner, and a movable sensitive material holder, of a spacing cam, pins thereon of a length dependent upon the from the longitudinal spacing lever and I bringing the sensitive material into position to receive the commencement of a new line, means simultaneously operated by the last mechanism to perforate a line, and means similarly operated to number the line.

16. -'lln a photographic type-composing machine of the class described, the combination with a sensitive material holder, of a pair of rollers engaging the sensitive film, a graduated disk attached to.the end of one of machine, the combination with a negative disk, a movable lens carrier, and' a movable sensitive material holder, of a spacing cam, pins thereon of a length dependent upon the width ofa corresponding character on the negative disk, means connecting, the saidpins' with the sensitive material holder so as to move the latter transversely, a crank and cam mechanism for connecting together I the negative-disk, the lens carrier" and the sensitive material holder, manual means protive material and at-the sametime actuating. a type-numbering stamp for numbering the chine, the combinationwith' a negative disk,

- flmovedytransversely, manual means provided vided' with a divided head'moving the sens1t1ve material within its holder at right angles to'lts transverse movement, a springcontrolled lever, a shield thereon partially I coveringthe divided head, and means operated by the movement of the said lever for perforating each composed line on the sensilines distinctively.

4. In a photographic type-composingma a camera, and a movable sensitive material holder, of a spacing cam, p nsthereon of a length dependent upon the width of'a oorresponding character on the negative disk,

means connecting'the said pins with the sensitive material holder whereby the latter is withia' fldiyided head moving the sensitive material within its holder at right angles to the rollers so that said roller may be rotated thereby, the amount of filmmoved forward being indicated by the said graduations, film perforating punches, 'a' spring-controlled lever pivoted on the sensitive material holder, a shield thereon adapted to overlap the graduated disk so that it cannot be read until the said lever is operated, which causes removal oi the punches, two traversing rods, pawls on-the sensitive material helder engaging said rods, and a lever having a V- shaped slot engaging the said pawls to withdraw same, substantially as described herein: :17. In a photographic type-composing machine of the class described, the combination with a roll'of sensitive film,of a roll holder, a graduated disk, apair of rollers actuated thereby and engaging the sensitive film, a spring controlled lever pivoted on the roll holder, two traversin'gjrods, pawls on the roll holder engaging said rods, a lever adapted to disengage the said pawls, dies engagingthe edges'of the sensitive film, and punches operated inconjunction with sand dies by the movement of the aforesaid spring controlled lever," substantially as described herein. V

' 18. Ina photographic type-composmgmachine, the combination with a negative disk,

length dependent upon the width of a corresponding character on the. negative disk,

means for introducing at a suitable point in the optical system, a design tint, which it is desired to impart to the characters produced,

.whereby the combined images of character and tint are simultaneously impressed upon the sensitive material.

19. In aphotographic type-composingmachine, the combination with a negative disk, a movable lens carrier, and a movable sensitive material holder, of a spacing cam, pins thereon of a length dependent upon the width of a corresponding character on the negative disk, means connecting the said pins With the sensitive material holder, a crank and cam mechanism for connecting together the negative disk, the lens carrier and the sensitive material holder, means for introducing at a suitable point in the optical system a design tint, which it is desired to impart to the characters produced, whereby the combined images of character and tint are simultaneously impressed upon the sensitive material, and means for tilting said 'tints so that desi ns of var 'in an le ma with a frame, of spools adapted to carry a series of negatives of suitable tints, milled heads for turning the spools, a mounted tube for the said frame graduated with angular divisions for the purpose of setting the angle of the tint, a support for the mounting tube allowing it to be rotated. and

means for subsequently fixing the said tube in its support.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscrlblng witnesses.

ALFRED EDl-VIN BAQWTREE.

Witnesses SYDNEY E. PAGE, CHARLES R. PERKINS. 

